ENGGEN 131讲解、讲解Programming留学生、c/c++辅导、辅导c++编程语言
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ENGGEN 131 – Summer School – 2019
C Programming Project
Deadline: 1:00pm, Monday 18th February
Correctness: 90 marks
Code style: 10 marks
Worth: 14% of your final grade
No late submissions accepted ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 2 - C Project
Introduction
Welcome to the final project for the ENGGEN131 course!
You have ten tasks to solve. For each task there is a problem description, and you must write
one function to solve that problem. You may, of course, define other functions which these
required functions call upon (such functions are often called “helper” functions).
Do your very best, but don’t worry if you cannot complete every function. You will get credit
for every task that you solve.
This must be addressed somewhere so we may as well get it out of the way – this is an
individual project. You do not need to complete all of the tasks, but the tasks you do complete
should be an accurate reflection of your capability. You may discuss ideas in general with other
students, but writing code must be done by yourself. No exceptions. You must not give any
other student a copy of your code in any form – and you must not receive code from any other
student in any form. There are absolutely NO EXCEPTIONS to this rule. Immediate course
failure, as well as University disciplinary action, will result.
Please follow this advice while working on this project – the penalties for plagiarism (which
include your name being recorded on the misconduct register for the duration of your degree,
and/or a period of suspension from Engineering) are simply not worth the risk.
Acceptable Unacceptable
Describing problems you are having to someone else,
without revealing any code you have written
Asking for advice on how to solve a problem, where the
advice received is general in nature and does not include
any code
Discussing with a friend, away from a computer, ideas or
general approaches for the algorithms that you plan to
implement (but not working on the code together)
Drawing diagrams that are illustrative of the approach
you are planning to take to solve a particular problem
(but not writing source code with someone else)
Working at a computer
with another student
Writing code on paper or at
a computer, and sharing
that code in any way with
anyone else
Giving or receiving any
amount of code from
anyone else in any form
Code sharing = NO
The rules are simple - write the code yourself!
OK, now, on with the project… ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 3 - C Project
Understanding the project files
There are three files that you will be working with when you are developing your solutions to the
project tasks. The most important of these three files is summer_2019.c. This is the source file
that you will submit for marking. Please note the following:
summer_2019.c is a source file that ONLY CONTAINS FUNCTION DEFINITIONS
there is no main() function defined in summer_2019.c (and you must not add one)
a separate program, test_summer_2019.c, containing a main() function has been
provided to you to help you test the function definitions you write in summer_2019.c
The diagram below illustrates the relationship between the three files.
The blue shaded regions in the above diagram indicate where you should write code when you
are working on the project. There are three simple rules to keep in mind:
You MUST NOT write any code in summer_2019.h (the header file)
You MUST write implementations for the functions defined in summer_2019.c
You SHOULD write additional test code in test_summer_2019.c to thoroughly test the
code you write in summer_2019.cENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 4 - C Project
Getting started
To begin, download the file called ProjectResources.zip from Canvas. There are three files in
this archive:
summer_2019.c This is the source file that you will ultimately submit. In this source file
you will find the ten functions that you should complete. Initially each
function contains an incorrect implementation which you should delete
and then correct. You may add other functions to this source file as you
need. You must not place a main() function in this source file. This
is the only file that you will submit for marking.
summer_2019.h This is the header file that contains the prototype declarations for the ten
functions you have to write. You must not edit this header file in any
way. Both source files (summer_2019.c and test_summer_2019.c)
include this header file, and the automated marking program will use the
provided definition of summer_2019.h. Modifying this header file in
any way will be an error.
test_ summer_2019.c This is the source file that contains the main() function. This file has
been provided to you to help you test the functions that you write. In
this file, you should create some example inputs and then call the
functions that you have defined inside the summer_2019.c source file.
Some simple examples have been included in this file to show you how
this can be done.
Place these three source files in an empty folder.
You might like to start by looking at the summer_2019.c source file. In this source file you will
find ten function definitions, however they are all implemented incorrectly. The prototype
declarations are as follows:
int SecondsBetween(int minuteA, int secondA, int minuteB,
int secondB);
double Volume(int radius);
int AppleBoxesNeeded(int numStudents, int lastDayOfWeek,
int remainingApples, int applesPerBox);
int PrimeBelow(int upper);
int SumInRange(int *values, int numValues, int low, int high);
void PositionOfMaximum(int *values, int rows, int cols, int *row,
int *col);
void Capitalise(char *phrase);
int CountDistinct(int *values, int numValues);
int ApprovedArea(Square squares[MAX_ARRAY_SIZE], int numSquares);
void Squash(char *word, int maximum);
You need to modify and correct the definitions of these ten functions. You may add additional
function definitions (i.e. “helper” functions) in this file. ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 5 - C Project
Next, you should run the program in test_summer_2019.c. To do this, you will need to compile
both source files. For example, from the Visual Studio Developer Command Prompt, you could
type:
cl /W4 summer_2019.c test_summer_2019.c
Or, simply:
cl /W4 *.c
You should see no warning messages generated when the code compiles.
If you run the program, you will see that some test code has been provided for the first task of
the project. You should add additional tests for this first task, and create your own tests for all of
the other tasks in the project.
It is your responsibility to test the functions that you write carefully. Your functions should
produce the expected output for any set of input values.
ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 6 - C Project
What to submit
You must not modify summer_2019.h, although you can modify test_summer_2019.c. You
will not be submitting either of these files.
You must only submit ONE source file – summer_2019.c – for this project. This source file
will be marked by a separate automated marking program which will call your functions with
many different inputs and check that they produce the correct outputs.
Testing
Part of the challenge of this project is to test your functions carefully with a range of different
inputs. It is very important that your functions will never cause the marking program to crash or
freeze regardless of the input. If the marking program halts, you cannot earn any marks for the
corresponding function. There are three common scenarios that will cause the program to crash
and which you must avoid:
Dividing by zero
Accessing memory that you shouldn’t (such as invalid array indices)
Infinite loops
Using functions from the standard library
The summer_2019.h header file already includes , and . You
may not use any other functions from the standard library. If you want some functionality, you
must code it!
Marking
Your submitted source file will be marked for style (use of commenting, consistent indentation,
good use of additional “helper” functions rather than placing all of the logic in the required
functions, etc.) Your code style will be assessed and marked by your lecturer.
For correctness, your submitted file will be marked by a program that calls your functions with
lots of different input values. This program will check that your function definitions return the
expected outputs for many possible inputs. Your mark will essentially be the total number of
these tests that are successful, across all ten tasks.
Some tasks are harder than others. If you are unable to complete a task, that is fine – just
complete the tasks that you are able to. However, please do not delete any of the ten functions
from the summer_2019.c source file. You can simply leave the initial code in the function
definition if you choose not to implement it. All ten required functions must be present in the
summer_2019.c file you submit for marking.
ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 7 - C Project
Never crash
There is one thing that you must pay important attention to. Your functions must never cause the
testing program to crash. If they do, your will forfeit the marks for that task. This is your
responsibility to check. There are three common situations that you must avoid:
Never divide by zero
Never access any memory location that you shouldn’t (such as an invalid array access)
Never have an infinite loop that causes the program to halt
You must guard against these very carefully – regardless of the input values that are passed to
your functions. Think very carefully about every array access that you make. In particular, a
common error is forgetting to initialise a variable (in which case it will store a “garbage” value),
and then using that variable to access a particular index of an array. You cannot be sure what the
“garbage” value will be, and it may cause the program to crash.
Array allocation
If you need to declare an array in any of your function definitions, you can make use of this
constant from summer_2019.h:
#define MAX_ARRAY_SIZE 500
You can assume that you functions will not need to deal with arrays that are larger than this size.
Comments
You will see in the template summer_2019.c source file that on the line above each function
definition there is a place-holder comment of the form: /* Your comment goes
here*/
You must replace these place-holders with your own comments, written in your own words. For
each function, you must briefly describe the problem that your function is trying to solve (in
some sense, this will be a paraphrasing and summarising of the project task description). You
must also briefly describe the algorithm that you used in your implementation for each task. You
need to communicate your ideas clearly - this is a very important skill. Other than this, try to
keep commenting within functions to a minimum.
Good luck! ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 8 - C Project
Task One: “It’s time!” (9 marks)
Write a function that is passed four integer inputs representing two different time periods (each
expressed as a number of minutes and seconds). The function should calculate and return the
difference between those two time periods (expressed as a number of seconds).
Function prototype declaration:
int SecondsBetween(int minuteA, int secondA,
int minuteB, int secondB)
Assumptions:
You can assume that all four input values will be greater than or equal to 0.
Example:
int result1, result2, result3;
result1 = SecondsBetween(5, 45, 7, 35);
result2 = SecondsBetween(7, 35, 5, 45);
result3 = SecondsBetween(0, 0, 10, 0);
printf("%d %d %d \n", result1, result2, result3);
Expected output:
110 110 600
ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 9 - C Project
Task Two: “Sphere” (9 marks)
Define a function called Volume() that is passed one integer input representing the radius of a
sphere. The function must return the volume of the sphere. The following formula gives the
volume of a sphere in terms of its radius:
The output of the function must be a double. If the input value is negative, the function should
return 0.0.
Function prototype declaration:
double Volume(int radius)
Assumptions:
You cannot assume the input is positive. If the input is negative, you must return 0.0.
The math library is not available to you, so you cannot use the pow() function.
You may use the provided value for PI:
double PI = 3.141592654;
Example:
printf("Volume = %f\n", Volume(10));
printf("Volume = %f\n", Volume(123));
printf("Volume = %f\n", Volume(-5));
Expected output:
Volume = 4188.790205
Volume = 7794781.463028
Volume = 0.000000 ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 10 - C Project
Task Three: “How do you like them apples?” (9 marks)
You are running a new café on campus, where students pre-order their meals the night before.
Students receive complimentary apples with their meals, and every morning you purchase the
apples you need for the day from the fruit shop. Apples come in boxes, and the number of
apples in each box varies depending on the season. You must purchase enough boxes so that no
student misses out, but you don’t want to purchase more boxes than you need.
Every student must receive exactly one apple, unless it is the last day of the week in which case
every student receives exactly two apples. Any apples that were remaining from the previous
day can be reused today so do not need to be purchased. For this task, you must write a function
that takes four integer inputs: the number of students, whether or not it is the last day of the week
(either 0 or 1), the number of apples remaining from the previous day that can therefore be
reused, and the number of apples being sold per box at the fruit shop. You can assume that none
of these inputs will be negative values. Your function must return the minimum number of
boxes you need to purchase today so that no student misses out. This function should be called
AppleBoxesNeeded(). You can assume that the input value applesPerBox is at least 1.
Function prototype declaration:
int AppleBoxesNeeded(int numStudents, int lastDayOfWeek,
int remainingApples, int applesPerBox);
Example:
printf("Boxes = %d \n", AppleBoxesNeeded(47, 1, 5, 8));
printf("Boxes = %d \n", AppleBoxesNeeded(13, 1, 6, 10));
printf("Boxes = %d \n", AppleBoxesNeeded(21, 0, 0, 10));
Expected output:
Boxes = 12
Boxes = 2
Boxes = 3
ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 11 - C Project
Task Four: “Prime time” (9 marks)
Define a function called PrimeBelow() that is passed one integer input representing an upper
bound. The function must return the largest prime number that is less than this upper bound. As
the smallest prime number is 2, if the input to the function is 2 or less, the function should return
-1 to indicate an error.
Function prototype declaration:
int PrimeBelow(int upper)
Assumptions:
You cannot assume the input is greater than 2. If the input to the function is 2 or less,
then you must return -1.
Example:
printf("Prime = %d\n", PrimeBelow(10));
printf("Prime = %d\n", PrimeBelow(47));
printf("Prime = %d\n", PrimeBelow(2));
Expected output:
Prime = 7
Prime = 43
Prime = -1
ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 12 - C Project
Task Five: “Sum of them” (9 marks)
Write a function that is passed four inputs: an array of integers, the number of elements in the
array, a low value and a high value. The function should calculate and return the sum of every
element in the array that is between low and high (inclusive). In other words, you must calculate
the sum of all values in the array that are greater than or equal to the value of low and less than
or equal to the value of high. Any value that falls outside of that range should be ignored when
you calculate the sum.
Function prototype declaration:
int SumInRange(int *values, int numValues, int low,
int high)
Assumptions:
You can assume that there will be at least one element in the input array and that the
value of low will be less than or equal to the value of high.
Example:
int numbers[11] = {-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int result1, result2, result3;
result1 = SumInRange(numbers, 11, 0, 100);
result2 = SumInRange(numbers, 11, -2, 2);
result3 = SumInRange(numbers, 11, -4, -4);
printf("%d %d %d \n", result1, result2, result3);
Expected output:
15 0 -4
ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 13 - C Project
Task Six: “Another dimension” (9 marks)
A matrix, or two-dimensional grid of numbers, can be represented using a one-dimensional array
where all of the values in the matrix are listed one row after another. For this task, you must
write a function which takes as input a one-dimensional array (representing a matrix) along with
the number of rows and columns in the matrix. You must calculate the row and column position
of the largest value in the matrix. The last two inputs to the function are pointers into which you
should store this result. You can assume the number of elements provided in the first input
match the given dimensions of the matrix, and that any input array will have at least one element
and a unique maximum value (i.e. there won’t be two values which are both the largest).
Function prototype declaration:
void PositionOfMaximum(int *values, int rows, int cols,
int *row, int *col);
Example:
int maxRow, maxCol;
int values[15] =
{4,2,7,70,20,90,732,612,108,44,65,52,0,1,9};
PositionOfMaximum(values, 5, 3, &maxRow, &maxCol);
printf("Maximum is at row: %d and col: %d", maxRow,
maxCol);
Expected output:
Maximum is at row: 2 and col: 0 ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 14 - C Project
Task Seven: “Capital importance” (9 marks)
A phrase consists of a sequence of words which are separated by one or more space characters.
For this task, you must write a function which takes a single string as input representing a phrase,
and capitalises the first character in each word in the phrase. A word may be composed of
numeric, alphabetic or punctuation characters, but only lower case alphabetic characters (that is,
‘a’ - ‘z’) should be capitalised. You can assume the input string will have at least one character.
void Capitalise(char *phrase);
Example
char song[1000] = "god of nations at thy feet";
char here[1000] = "The University of Auckland";
char also[1000] = "a,b,c 888 d!e!f";
Capitalise(song);
Capitalise(here);
Capitalise(also);
printf("%s \n", song);
printf("%s \n", here);
printf("%s \n", also);
Expected output
God Of Nations At Thy Feet
The University Of Auckland
A,b,c 888 D!e!f
ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 15 - C Project
Task Eight: “Unique” (9 marks)
Write a function that is passed two inputs: an array of integers, and the number of elements in the
array. The function should return the number of distinct (i.e. different) values that exist in the
array.
Function prototype declaration:
int CountDistinct(int *values, int numValues)
Assumptions:
You can assume that there will be at least one element in the input array.
Example:
int valuesA[10] = {1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2};
int valuesB[5] = {10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000};
int valuesC[7] = {10, 11, 12, 13, 12, 11, 10};
int result1, result2, result3;
result1 = CountDistinct(valuesA, 10);
result2 = CountDistinct(valuesB, 5);
result3 = CountDistinct(valuesC, 7);
printf("%d %d %d \n", result1, result2, result3);
Expected output:
3 5 4
ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 16 - C Project
Task Nine: “Building consent” (9 marks)
You are the town planner for a new town called Squaresville, where property prices are out of
control due to the fact there is very little space. Every building has a perfectly square ground
area, however some buildings have larger areas than others. Anyone can submit plans for a new
building, and your job is to calculate how much ground area is going to be consumed by these
new buildings. However, not all submissions will be approved. If any two building plans
overlap or intersect then they will be denied and you can ignore them from your calculation of
the total area (in such cases, the builders will have to go to court to fight it out, and this process
could take years).
In this task, the ground area for a building is represented using the Square type. This is a
structure type which is composed of three fields: row, col and size. The “row” and “col” fields
represent the top-left position of the square and the “size” field represents the length of one of
the sides of the square.
For this task, you must write a function called ApprovedArea() which takes two inputs: an array
of type Square (where each element in the array represents the proposed ground area for one
building), and the number of elements in the array. Your function must calculate the total area of
all buildings in the array that will be approved. In other words, you should exclude from your
calculation of the total area any buildings which intersect or overlap with one another. You can
assume that for any given Square representing a building, the row and col fields will be positive
numbers, and the size field will be at least 1. You can also assume that the input array will have
at least one element.
int ApprovedArea(Square squares[MAX_ARRAY_SIZE],
int numSquares);
ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 17 - C Project
Example:
Square squares[5];
squares[0].row = 200;
squares[0].col = 150;
squares[0].size = 100;
squares[1].row = 490;
squares[1].col = 490;
squares[1].size = 20;
squares[2].row = 20;
squares[2].col = 390;
squares[2].size = 200;
squares[3].row = 290;
squares[3].col = 240;
squares[3].size = 100;
squares[4].row = 195;
squares[4].col = 575;
squares[4].size = 10;
result = ApprovedArea(squares, 5);
printf("The valid area is %d \n", result);
Expected output:
The valid area is 400
Assumptions:
Each building base is represented by a square,
where the “row” and “col” value indicate the
top left hand corner. It might help to think of
this as being positioned on a grid like the
example on the right - which shows a square
positioned at (2, 3) and with a “size” of 4.
Two squares will “overlap” or “intersect” if
any of the filled in grid pieces overlap. ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 18 - C Project
Task Ten: “Squash it” (9 marks)
Write a function to eliminate long sequences of consecutive characters in a word. Your function
should take two inputs. The first is the word itself (i.e. a string), and the second is the maximum
number of consecutive characters that are allowed to appear in the word - all consecutive
characters exceeding this maximum should be eliminated. Your function will not return an
output, but instead must modify the input word.
Function prototype declaration:
void Squash(char *word, int maximum)
Assumptions:
You can assume that the input string will consist of at least one character (in addition to
the null terminating character). You can also assume that the value of maximum will be
greater than or equal to 0.
Example:
char word0[MAX_ARRAY_SIZE] =
"LLLLeeeeeeerrrrrooooy Jeeeeeeenkkkins";
char word1[MAX_ARRAY_SIZE] =
"Heeeeeelllllllooooooo wwwwwooorldddd";
char word2[MAX_ARRAY_SIZE] =
"xxxxyyyyxxxyyyxxyyxyxxyyxxxyyyxxxxyyyy";
char word3[MAX_ARRAY_SIZE] = "OOOKKKKKKKKKK";
char word4[MAX_ARRAY_SIZE] = "Hello world";
char word5[MAX_ARRAY_SIZE] = "Hello world";
Squash(word0, 1);
Squash(word1, 2);
Squash(word2, 1);
Squash(word3, 5);
Squash(word4, 1);
Squash(word5, 0);
printf("0) (%s) \n", word0);
printf("1) (%s) \n", word1);
printf("2) (%s) \n", word2);
printf("3) (%s) \n", word3);
printf("4) (%s) \n", word4);
printf("5) (%s) \n", word5);
ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 19 - C Project
Expected output:
0) (Leroy Jenkins)
1) (Heelloo wwoorldd)
2) (xyxyxyxyxyxyxy)
3) (OOOKKKKK)
4) (Helo world)
5) ()? ?ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 20 - C Project
BEFORE YOU SUBMIT YOUR PROJECT
Warning messages
You should ensure that there are no warning messages produced by the compiler (using the /W4
option from the VS Developer Command Prompt).
REQUIRED: Compile with Visual Studio before submission
Even if you haven’t completed all of the tasks, your code must compile successfully. You will
get some credit for partially completed tasks if the expected output matches the output produced
by your function. If your code does not compile, your project mark will be 0.
You may use any modern C environment to develop your solution, however prior to submission
you must check that your code compiles and runs successfully using the Visual Studio Developer
Command Prompt. This is not optional - it is a requirement for you to check this. During
marking, if there is an error that is due to the environment you have used, and you failed to check
this using the Visual Studio Developer Command Prompt, you will receive 0 marks for the
project. Please adhere to this requirement.
In summary, before you submit your work for marking:
STEP 1: Create an empty folder on disk
STEP 2: Copy just the source files for this project (the summer_2019.c and
test_summer_2019.c source files and the unedited summer_2019.h header file) into
this empty folder
STEP 3: Open a Visual Studio Developer Command Prompt window (as described in Lab 7)
and change the current directory to the folder that contains these files
STEP 4: Compile the program using the command line tool, with the warning level on 4:
cl /W4 *.c
If there are warnings for code you have written, you should fix them. You should
not submit code that generates any warnings.
Do not submit code that does not compile!
ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 21 - C Project
Style marking - components (10 marks)
To be eligible to earn full marks for style, you will need to have completed *at least half* of the
ten required functions. Even if you have not completed all of the ten functions, you should still
leave the templates of all ten functions in your submitted file (do not delete any of the ten
functions from the template that was provided to you). The following provides a brief
description of what style components will be assessed:
Comments (5 marks):
Read the description of what is required on Page 7 of the project document. You must write a
comment for each of the required functions you have implemented at the very top of the function
definition (by replacing the placeholder comment: "Your comment goes here" in the template file
provided to you). Each function's comment should describe (in your own words) the problem
that the function is solving, and (also in your own words) the approach that you took to solve the
function. The expectation is that this comment will be a short paragraph, consisting of at least
several sentences (written in your own words) that would serve as useful documentation for
someone who wanted to understand what your code is all about. You are welcome to also
include short comments within the function body, however you should avoid "over-commenting"
the code body - this marks it hard to read.
Indentation (2 marks):
Your code should be indented consistently and laid out neatly. There are many examples in the
coursebook (particularly at the end of each lecture) that you can refer to here, as well as
examples on page 3. There is also a brief style guide on page 4. It is recommended that you
follow these style guidelines, however if you strongly prefer a different style (such as placing the
opening brace for an if statement on a new line, which differs from the advice on page 4 under
the heading "Braces for other blocks of code") then that is fine - as long as you apply that style
consistently throughout your source file. You should also lay out your code neatly - for example,
do not place blank lines between every single line of code, but rather separate short "blocks" of
code (lines that are related) with a single blank line.
Helper functions (3 marks):
You should define at least two "helper" functions, and call these functions from one or more of
the required functions. All of the helper function definitions should appear at the top of your
source file (where the comment "HELPER FUNCTIONS" appears in the template file provided
to you) so that it is easy for your marker to locate them. You should apply the same style
elements to these helper functions - that is, they must begin with a comment describing the
purpose of the function - and you should also mention which of the required functions make use
of each helper function. A good reason to define a helper function is to reduce the complexity of
one of the required functions - particularly if the code would otherwise be particularly long. A
good "rule of thumb" (derived from Google's style conventions for C-based code) is that if the
length of a function exceeds about 40 lines of code then you should think carefully about
whether a helper function could be used to reduce this length. Your marker will not be counting
your lines of code exactly, so this 40-line rule is not a strict limit, but should serve as a useful
guideline. ENGGEN 131, Summer School, 2019 - 22 - C Project
The final word
This project is an assessed piece of coursework, and it is essential that the work you submit
reflects what you are capable of doing. You must not copy any source code for this project and
submit it as your own work. You must also not allow anyone to copy your work. All
submissions for this project will be checked, and any cases of copying/plagiarism will be dealt
with severely. We really hope there are no issues this semester in ENGGEN131, as it is a painful
process for everyone involved, so please be sensible!
Ask yourself:
have I written the source code for this project myself?
If the answer is “no”, then please talk to us before the projects are marked.
Ask yourself:
have I given anyone access to the source code
that I have written for this project?
If the answer is “yes”, then please talk to us before the projects are marked.
Once the projects have been marked it is too late.
There is more information regarding The University of Auckland’s policies on academic honesty
and plagiarism here:
http://www.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/home/about/teaching-learning/honesty